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Myocardial infarction(MI)is defined as myocardial cell death due to prolonged myocardial ischemia.Clinically,troponin rise and/or fall have become the“defining feature of MI”according to the universal definition of MI(UD-MI).Takotsubo syndrome(TS)and TS-related disease conditions also cause troponin elevation with typical rise and/or fall pattern but through a mechanism other than coronary ischemia.By strict application of the clinical diagnostic criteria for type-1 MI,type-2 MI,type-3 MI,and MI with non-obstructive coronary arteries according to the UD-MI including the fourth one published recently,TS and most of the 26 other causes of troponin elevation mentioned in the fourth UD-MI may erroneously be classified as MI.The existing evidence argues for the case that TS by itself is not a MI.Hyper-activation of the autonomic-sympathetic nervous system including local cardiac sympathetic hyper-activation and disruption with nor-epinephrine churn and spillover is the most probable cause of TS.This autonomic neuro-cardiogenic(ANCA)mechanism results in myocardial“cramp”(stunning),the severity and duration of which depend on the degree of the sympathetic-hyperactivation and nor-epinephrine spillover.The myocardial cramp may squeeze the cytosolic free troponin pools causing mild to moderate troponin elevation in TS and TS-related disease conditions.This ANCA syndrome,which has hitherto been enveloped by the UD-MI over more than one decade,may occur in acute,recurrent,and chronic forms.In this critical review,the controversies of UD-MI,evidence for ANCA syndrome,and a hypothetical mechanism for the troponin elevation in ANCA syndrome are provided.
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篇名 Autonomic neurocardiogenic syndrome is stonewalled by the universal definition of myocardial infarction
来源期刊 世界心脏病学杂志:英文版(电子版) 学科 医学
关键词 Universal definition Myocardial infarction TAKOTSUBO Myocardial stunning Cardiac cramp Autonomic neurocardiogenic syndrome Heart failure Chronic kidney diseases
年,卷(期) 2020,(6) 所属期刊栏目
研究方向 页码范围 231-247
页数 17页 分类号 R54
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Universal
definition
Myocardial
infarction
TAKOTSUBO
Myocardial
stunning
Cardiac
cramp
Autonomic
neurocardiogenic
syndrome
Heart
failure
Chronic
kidney
diseases
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研究分支
研究去脉
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期刊影响力
世界心脏病学杂志:英文版(电子版)
月刊
1949-8462
北京市朝阳区东四环中路62号楼远洋国际中
出版文献量(篇)
78
总下载数(次)
1
总被引数(次)
0
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