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摘要:
In 1975,Holliday and Pugh as well as Riggs independently hypothesized that DNA methylation in eukaryotes could act as a hereditary regulation mechanism that influences gene expression and cell differentiation.Interest in the study of epigenetic processes has been inspired by their reversibility as well as their potentially preventable or treatable consequences.Recently,we have begun to understand that the features of DNA methylation are not the same for all cells.Major differences have been found between differentiated cells and stem cells.Methylation influences various pathologies,and it is very important to improve the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms.Epigenetic modifications may take place throughout life and have been related to cancer,brain aging,memory disturbances,changes in synaptic plasticity,and neurodegenerative diseases,such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease.DNA methylation also has a very important role in tumor biology.Many oncogenes are activated by mutations in carcinogenesis.However,many genes with tumor-suppressor functions are“silenced”by the methylation of CpG sites in some of their regions.Moreover,the role of epigenetic alterations has been demonstrated in neurological diseases.In neuronal precursors,many genes associated with development and differentiation are silenced by CpG methylation.In addition,recent studies show that DNA methylation can also influence diseases that do not appear to be related to the environment,such as IgA nephropathy,thus affecting the expression of some genes involved in the T-cell receptor signaling.In conclusion,DNA methylation provides a whole series of fundamental information for the cell to regulate gene expression,including how and when the genes are read,and it does not depend on the DNA sequence.
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篇名 New findings showing how DNA methylation influences diseases
来源期刊 世界生物化学杂志:英文版(电子版) 学科 生物学
关键词 DNA METHYLATION Stem cells ENHANCER IGA NEPHROPATHY Gene regulation
年,卷(期) 2019,(1) 所属期刊栏目
研究方向 页码范围 1-6
页数 6页 分类号 Q
字数 语种
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DNA
METHYLATION
Stem
cells
ENHANCER
IGA
NEPHROPATHY
Gene
regulation
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研究来源
研究分支
研究去脉
引文网络交叉学科
相关学者/机构
期刊影响力
世界生物化学杂志:英文版(电子版)
季刊
1949-8454
北京市朝阳区东四环中路62号楼远洋国际中
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391
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0
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